A Multi‐Phase Heat Transfer Model for Water Infiltration Into Frozen Soil

In many regions, water infiltration into frozen soil is a critical process. Frozen known to have substantially reduced capacity, resulting in surface runoff. This runoff often associated with erosive behavior posing potential natural hazard as it facilitates snow avalanches and debris flow, especially springtime when rainfall snowmelt coincide. As capacity depends on the ice content within porous soil, thermal hydraulic processes are strongly coupled. The involved phases during initially not local equilibrium infiltrated warmer than soil. duration of temperature differences yet be determined. To adequately describe this state, non-equilibrium (LTNE) model needs applied, which accounts for separate phase temperatures describes heat transfer between explicitly. While LTNE models common more simple setups saturated media work, multi-phase partly saturated, presented. All required parameters, such area coefficient discussed derived based capillary tube model. theoretical implemented numerical compared experimental data available from literature. Substantial up C freezing melting observed after hours pronounced around front.